The National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety is the first step in beginning the process of changing the cycling environment in significant ways by addressing five key goals:
This document will only become a reality if significant resources are focused on implementation. The needed resources include not only adequate funding, but the time, energy, and dedication of a host of individuals and organizations. We hope that you, the reader, will see opportunities for action by you or your organization to help make these national strategies a reality.
The National Bicycle Safety Network (NBSN) -- a public-private coalition of federal and state
agencies, professional and non-profit safety groups, and bicycling advocacy organizations
dedicated to improving bicycle safety and increasing bicycle use -- has volunteered to facilitate
implementation activities for selected portions of the National Strategies for Advancing
Bicycle Safety. You, or your organization, can participate by taking the lead on
implementing one of the strategies, helping with funding or other resources, or joining our
efforts toward achieving these critical public safety goals. If you would like to learn more about
the progress of the National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety or volunteer your
time, please contact us through the NBSN web
site.
In a nation where traffic is increasing and roadways are becoming more congested, we must, to
the best of our collective ability, ensure the safety of all roadway users.
The conference format was crafted to focus discussion on five practical issues that, once accomplished, will substantially advance the safety of bicyclists. These topics were:
Topic experts in each of these areas were commissioned to write "white papers" in advance of the conference and present those papers at the onset of the conference. Each paper addressed key issues in that area, described why the topic is important to bicycle safety, and proposed potential solutions to enhance safety. These white papers were provided to conference participants in advance of the conference and will be published in a separate document summarizing the conference proceedings.
The white papers set the tone for conference discussions, which centered first on outlining key
strategies for advancing each area and then detailing critical actions needed to implement those
strategies. The National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety (termed "bicycle safety
agenda" or "agenda" in this document) is the product of the conference.
The document, National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety, does not stand alone. Rather, it should be viewed as a "next steps" guide to accompany other documents, including:
This document supplements these other plans by providing specific strategies for achieving the bicycle-related goals, as well as specific action steps that are needed to accomplish those strategies.
The strategies outlined in this document are considered to be those that can be initiated and
largely completed within a three-to-five-year time frame. In addition, these strategies are
expected to build strong local support and capacity for efforts to improve safe bicycling. As
these approaches are implemented or completed, it is expected that other ideas will take their
place in the National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety.
Create a national "Ride Safely" marketing campaign targeting bicycle riders.
Action Steps
1. Evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a campaign emphasizing the importance of sharing the road.
2. Survey successful state and local level programs to guide campaign development.
3. Identify the themes, content, and target audiences for the campaign.
4. Create tools that incorporate multiple forms of media and compelling stories to communicate "Share the Road" messages.
5. Design specific outreach activities to promote bicycle safety for motorists and bicyclists.
6. Encourage local organizations and bicycle advocacy groups to sponsor the campaign in their community.
7. Evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign.
Action Steps
1. Research morbidity, mortality, and cost issues related to existing laws to further policy development.
2. Work with the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances to determine needed policy changes.
3. Draft model language for inclusion in the Uniform Vehicle Code.
4. Develop a constituency of bicyclists and motorists to advocate for those code changes needed.
5. Facilitate passage of code-changing bills within state legislatures.
1. Survey current programs to determine if and how bicycle safety is incorporated into driver education for beginning drivers and license renewal.
2. Draft model text, graphics, and/or audio-visual material about bicycles, bicyclists, and sharing the road to be included in the driver's license training classes and materials.
3. Draft questions about bicycles, bicyclists, and sharing the road that can be adapted for driver's license testing systems.
4. Encourage states and driver education providers to integrate model program components into existing driver's education programs including, but not limited to, novice driver training, license renewal, taxi cab driver training, professional driver training, bus driver training, commercial driver licensing, traffic (violations) schools, and the 55 Alive Program (offered by the American Association of Retired Persons).
1. Evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of the campaign.
2. Identify the themes, content, and target audiences for the campaign.
3. Determine channels of delivery to reach diverse populations (i.e., age, ethnic, gender, lifestyle, disabled, rural).
4. Create messages that provide accurate, culturally acceptable, and developmentally appropriate bicycle safety messages through multimedia sources.
5. Develop state press kits and model products that advocate safe bicycling.
6. Encourage bicycle retailers, hospitals, and corporations to sponsor the program and publicize bicycle rules of the road.
7. Evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign.
1. Recruit organizations to sponsor statewide conferences focused on implementation of the National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety.
2. Bring individuals and organizations together to develop state and local strategies for bicycle safety.
3. Assist interested states in conference planning to encourage compatibility with the National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety.
4. Create mechanisms that publicize and allow for coordination of state conferences and bicycle safety efforts.
Action Steps
1. Create a national clearinghouse to compile bicycle safety education resources (e.g., parks and recreation programs, rodeos, after-school programs, health and safety fairs, faith-based programs, workplace safety programs).
2. Develop needed additional educational materials (e.g., model curricula, books, video games, service-learning activities) to address bicycle safety education.
3. Disseminate programs to teachers and community-based educators and encourage them to incorporate bicycle safety content into their classes.
4. Require bicycle and traffic safety in educational and other relevant settings such as English as a Second Language (ESL) classes, HEAD Start programs, and after-school programs.
Action Steps
1. Convene a committee to develop and encourage educational programs targeted at local government officials, health professionals, criminal justice professionals (i.e., law enforcement, judges), traffic engineers, and others who can influence safe bicycling.
2. Identify and evaluate existing bicycle safety materials or other community- based programs to determine if they can be adapted for these audiences.
3. Disseminate successful programs in order to foster replication.
4. Identify resources and a process for funding pilot projects focused on community leaders.
Action Steps
1. Determine and publicize the economic, health, and community benefits of bicycle safety.
2. Research the content and effectiveness of existing policies and the desired outcomes from new policies or policy changes.
3. Draft model bicycle safety policies that can be adapted by decision makers in government, education, medicine, law enforcement, public health, etc.
4. Create informational materials and an approach to engage policy makers and stakeholders in endorsing safe bicycling policies.
Action Steps
1. Evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of such a campaign.
2. Hire a full-time campaign coordinator and recruit staff support from participating agencies.
3. Recruit a media firm to create a campaign.
4. Develop the themes, content, and target audiences for the campaign and identify channels of delivery.
5. Encourage corporations and bicycle advocacy groups to sponsor the campaign. 6. Monitor campaign effectiveness.
Action Steps
1. Compile and catalog community-based bicycle helmet safety materials, resources, organizations, and programs.
2. Review and assess materials to ensure that the messages are accurate, culturally- sensitive, and developmentally-appropriate.
3. Develop additional materials (e.g., model curricula, books, video games) as needed to address bicycle helmet education.
4. Disseminate materials to school-based and community-based educators (via video, the Internet, resource center, etc.) and encourage them to incorporate bicycle helmet messages into their programs.
5. Monitor implementation of tools and assess the effectiveness of use at the local level.
Action Steps
1. Collect existing laws utilized by state and local governments.
2. Draft model laws that can be made available, as requested, for state and local government officials and advocates.
3. Encourage law enforcement agencies to enforce existing bicycle helmet laws.
4. Monitor the effectiveness of helmet laws for changing behavior and reducing injury.
Action Steps
1. Evaluate the accuracy of currently collected law enforcement and injury data with respect to completeness and recording of elements of the causal chain that led to the crash.
2. Evaluate the federal and state requirements that pertain to how information about bicycle involvement in crashes is recorded on crash report forms.
3. Assess the usefulness of existing data reporting systems in tracking incidents and injuries involving bicycles.
4. Employ community needs assessment and other tools to make recommendations for improvements in data collection procedures.
5. Create model forms, procedures, and tools to implement recommendations.
6. Disseminate findings and encourage jurisdictions to improve their data collection procedures and practices.
Action Steps
1. Draft model crash investigation protocols, daily roll call presentations, and bicycle safety enforcement tools that can be adapted by law enforcement departments.
2. Disseminate models to local police departments and sheriffs' departments and encourage them to incorporate bicycle safety content into standard procedures.
3. Publicize effective enforcement practices and models in law enforcement magazines and trade journals.
4. Identify internal change agents (including law enforcement on bicycles) and support their efforts to influence other officers.
5. Conduct an advocacy campaign for law enforcement executives.
Action Steps
1. Identify and evaluate new and existing efforts to improve bicycle safety enforcement, such as targeting intersections with high incidents of bicycle-motor vehicle conflicts and high-risk bicycle-endangering behaviors (including speeding).
2. Disseminate effective practices to law enforcement agencies and professional organizations.
3. Encourage local law enforcement agencies to implement successful bicycle safety enforcement practices.
4. Promote increased, accurate media coverage of bicycle crashes.
5. Build local coalitions of safe bicycling advocates and law enforcement agencies to promote strategic law enforcement.
Action Steps
1. Investigate how courts are currently adjudicating bicycle-related incidents.
2. Evaluate the availability and adequacy of bicycle-related data and reporting systems used by courts.
3. Disseminate effective practices to court professionals and organizations.
4. Establish a "bicycle court" model that addresses infractions involving bicyclists.
Action Steps
1. Compile data on the design features and implementation of bicycle-safe facilities.
2. Evaluate the use and safety (including exposure) of existing facilities and disseminate findings to transportation professionals and bicycle advocates.
3. Encourage increased allocation of research dollars for bicycle safety research at the national level.
4. Promote implementation and evaluation of promising new bicycle facility designs.
Action Steps
1. Identify and track existing miles of bicycle lanes as well as plans for striping of additional miles.
2. Involve citizens, bicycle safety organizations, and advocates in community needs assessment and local planning efforts.
3. Establish bicycle lane mileage goals for states and metropolitan planning organizations.
4. Develop and issue implementation guidelines for use by transportation professionals. 5. Provide incentives to allocate funds for striping.
6. Disseminate information to help ensure that routine roadway design and operation safely accommodate bicyclists even where no special facilities are present.
Action Steps
1. Offer the pedestrian/bicycle graduate course, developed by the Federal Highway Administration, to at least one university in every state.
2. Deliver a continuing education course on accommodating bicycle travel to design professionals in every state.
3. Develop a new bicycle facilities course, offered by the Federal Highway Administration's National Highway Institute.
4. Encourage colleges and universities to incorporate bicycle transportation in the undergraduate civil engineering curriculum.
5. Disseminate information to help ensure that routine roadway design and operation safely accommodate bicyclists.
Barbara Alberson, MPH
Chief, State and Local Injury Control Section
California Department of Health Services
Heather Anderson
Project Manager
Washington Area Bicycle Association
Marietta Y. Pearson Bowen, MS
Office of Traffic Injury Control Programs
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Stephanie D. Bryn, MPH
Injury and Violence Prevention Programs
Maternal and Child Health Bureau
Health Resources and Services Administration
Andy Clarke
Executive Director
Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals
Janet Coleman, MS
Office of Highway Safety Infrastructure
Federal Highway Administration
Marquita Dudley
Manager, Club Programs
American Automobile Association
John C. Fegan, MA
Bicycle and Pedestrian Program Manager
Federal Highway Administration
Michael J. Klasmeier
Program Director
League of American Bicyclists
Amy L. Matush, MS
Office of Traffic Injury Control Programs
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Angela D. Mickalide, PhD
Program Director
National SAFE KIDS Campaign
Fred Rivara, MD, MPH
Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center
Richard A. Schieber, MD, MPH
Childhood Injury Prevention
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ellen R. Schmidt, MS
Assistant Director, Children's Safety Network
Education Development Center
Randy Swart
Director
Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute
Bill Tremblay
Brain Injury Association, Inc.
Elaine A. Tyrrell, MS
Program and Management Analyst
U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission
Maria E. Vegega, PhD
Chief, Safety Countermeasures Division
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Bill Wilkinson
Executive Director
National Center for Bicycling and Walking
The International Trade Center
Washington, DC
PARTICIPANT LISTJULY 21-22, 2000
Washington, DC
Barbara Alberson, MPH - Health Education
State and Local Injury Control Section
California Department of Health Services
John S. Allen - Bicycle Advocacy
Past President, Massachusetts Bicycle Coalition
Marilena Amoni, MS - Traffic Safety Policy
Office of Traffic Injury Control Programs
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Heather Anderson - Bicycle Advocacy
Washington Area Bicycle Association
Lisa M. Aultman-Hall, PhD - Traffic Engineering Research
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Kentucky
Abraham B. Bergman, MD - Pediatrics, Injury Prevention
Harborview Medical Center
Richard D. Blomberg - Human Factors Research
Dunlap and Associates, Inc.
Leverson S. Boodlal, MS - Traffic Engineering
Office of Safety
Federal Highway Administration
Marietta Y. Pearson Bowen, MS - Injury Prevention, Bicycle Safety
Office of Traffic Injury Control Programs
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Susan M. Boyle - Bicycle and Pedestrian Advocacy
Transportation Alternatives
Christine M. Branche, PhD - Epidemiology Research
Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention
National Center for Injury Prevention Control
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ruth A. Brenner, MD, MPH - Epidemiology Research
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, & Prevention Research
National Institute of Child Health & Human Development
Anita L. Brentley, Med - Education, Community Outreach
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Tamara A. Broyhill, MS - Writer/Editor
Office of Highway Safety Infrastructure
Federal Highway Administration
Stephanie D. Bryn, MPH - Education, Injury Prevention
Injury and Violence Prevention Programs
Maternal and Child Health Bureau
Health Resources and Services Administration
Gabriel J. Cano - Community Outreach, Traffic Safety
Office of Communication and Outreach
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Peter L. Capper, MBA - Marketing
BVK McDonald
Ellen R. Cavanagh - Bicycle and Pedestrian Advocacy
Transportation Alternatives
Lois E. Chaplin, MPS - Education
Department of Agricultural Engineering
Cornell University
Tanya Chin Ross - Community Outreach
National SAFE KIDS Campaign
Nita K. Clark - Injury Prevention
Injury Prevention Service
Oklahoma State Department of Health
Andy Clarke - Bicycle and Pedestrian Advocacy
Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals
Judy Comoletti - Education
National Fire Prevention Association
Steve Davidson - State Injury Prevention Program Administration
Office of Injury Prevention
Georgia Department of Public Health
Robert J. Demichelis II - Injury Prevention Policy
Brain Injury Association, Inc.
Karen J. DeWitt - Law Enforcement
Washington State Patrol
Lewis W. Dijkstra - Traffic Engineering Research
Planning Consultant and Transportation Researcher
Rutgers University
Marquita Dudley - Education
American Automobile Association
John C. Fegan, MA - Psychology, Traffic Engineering and Planning
Federal Highway Administration
Laurie L. Flaherty, RN - Nursing
Office of Communication and Outreach
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
John Forester, MS - Bicycle Advocacy, Education
Bicycle Advocate
Valodi Foster, MPH - Injury Prevention
Bicycle Head Injury Prevention Program
California Department of Health Services
Susan S. Gallagher, MPH - Health Education/Policy
Children's Safety Network
Carole S. Guzzetta - Child Injury Prevention Advocacy, Health Education
National Safety Belt Coalition
National Safety Council
Annie M. Hawkins - Education
American Automobile Association
John D. Heeney - Education
National Peer Helpers Association
S. Randal Henry, MPH - Injury Prevention, epidemiology
Epidemiology Analysis
Los Angeles County Department of Health Services
Sarah E. Hunt - Traffic Safety, Health Education
Office of Traffic Injury Control Programs
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Michael E. Jackson - State Bicycle Program Administration
Minnesota State Bicycle Coordinator
Minnesota Department of Transportation
Anthony Kane, PhD - Policy Development and Administration
Executive Director
Federal Highway Administration
Michael J. Klasmeier - Bicycle Education/Advocacy
League of American Bicyclists
Charles Komanoff - Bicycle Advocacy
Right of Way
Mary Anne Lahey, PhD - Psychology, Facilitation
American Institutes for Research
Bryan M. LeMonds - Marketing
BVK McDonald
Marvin M. Levy, PhD - Psychology, Human Factors Research
Office of Research and Traffic Records
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Nancy Libby-Fisher - Injury Prevention
Rhode Island Department of Health
Lauren M. Marchetti - Health Education
Highway Safety Research Center
University of North Carolina
Amy L. Matush, MS - Traffic Safety, Health Education
Office of Traffic Injury Control Programs
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Leigh E. Matusick - Crossing Guard
School Crossing Guard Program
Florida Development of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Education
Roberta C. Mayer - Traffic Safety Outreach
Office of Communications and Outreach
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Barbara McCann - Bicycle Advocacy/Policy
Transportation and Quality of Life Campaign
Surface Transportation Policy Project
Ray McMurphy - Education
Safe Moves Bicycle Safety Program
Rose McMurray, MS - Traffic Safety Policy
Traffic Safety Programs
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Angela D. Mickalide, PhD - Child Injury Prevention Policy
National SAFE KIDS Campaign
Ted R. Miller, PhD - Economics
Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation
Peter C. Moe - Bicycle Advocacy
National Center for Bicycling and Walking
Allen Muchnick - Bicycle Advocacy
Washington Area Bicycle Association
Gary Mueller - Marketing
BVK McDonald
Randy Neufeld - Bicycle Advocacy
Chicagoland Bicycle Federation
Cheryl S. Neverman, MS - Youth Transportation Safety, Injury Prevention
Office of Communications and Outreach
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Beverly J. O'Bryant, PhD - Education
Community Service and Service Learning Programs
District of Columbia Public Schools
Richard Olken - Bicycle Advocacy
Bikes Belong Coalition
Jeff S. Olson, RA - Engineering and Planning
Millennium Trails
Office of the Secretary
U.S. Department of Transportation
Scott Osberg, PhD - Traffic Safety Research
AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
Theodore A. Petritsch - Engineering and Planning, State Program Administration
Florida Pedestrian and Bicycle Coordinator
Florida Department of Transportation
Cynthia H. Powell - Injury Prevention
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Richard A. Schieber, MD, MPH - Pediatrics, Epidemiology Research
Childhood Injury Prevention
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ellen R. Schmidt, MS - Health Education
Children's Safety Network
Education Development Center
Charley R. Seymour, PhD - Community Outreach
Adopt-a-Bike Program
Gary A. Smith, MD, DrPH - Pediatrics
Center for Injury Research and Policy
American Academy of Pediatrics
Children's Hospital
Shelli Stephens-Stidham - Injury Prevention
Injury Control Division
Oklahoma Department of Health
Carol Stroebel - Injury Prevention, Child Health Policy
Coalition Resources, Inc.
Jane C. Stutts, PhD - Human Factors Research
Highway Safety Research Center
University of North Carolina
Randy Swart - Bicycle Advocacy
Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute
Mandy Taft - Community Outreach
National SAFE KIDS Campaign
Carol H. Tan Esse - Traffic Engineering Research
Federal Highway Administration
Sallie R. Thoreson, MS - Injury Prevention
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Allen Turnbull, PhD - Education
BikeWalk Virginia
Preston Tyree - Education
Texas Bicycle Coalition/Education Fund
Elaine A. Tyrrell, MS - Consumer Safety Education
U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission
Maria E. Vegega, PhD - Psychology, Injury Prevention
Office of Traffic Injury Control Programs
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Malcolm Washington, Jr. - Education
East Central Health District, Public Health
Richmond, GA County Health Department
Katherine F. Watkins - Traffic Engineering and Planning
City of Cambridge Traffic Calming Project
Landon H. Wickman, Jr. - Community Outreach
Urban Youth Bike Program
New York Cyclist
James B. Wright, MS - Youth Transportation Safety
Office of Traffic Injury Control Programs
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Robert Young - Motor Vehicle Safety
Office of Defects Investigation
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Charles Zeeger, MS - Traffic Engineering Research
Highway Safety Research Center
University of North Carolina
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3. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 1999 [machine-readable public use data tapes]. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC: 2000.
4. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics mortality data, underlying cause of death, 1998 [machine-readable public use data tapes]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD: 2000.
5. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic Safety Facts 1999: Pedalcyclists. Report No. DOT HS 809 093, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC: 2000.
6. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2000. Omnibus Transportation Survey.
7. U.S. Department of Transportation. Strategic Plan 2000-2005. Washington, DC: July 2000.
8. Federal Highway Administration. The National Bicycling and Walking Study: Transportation Choices for a Changing America. Report No. FHWA-PD-94-023, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC: 1994.
9. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Promoting Safe Passage into the 21st Century: Strategic Plan 1998. Report No. DOT-HS-808-785, U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC: September 1998.
10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000.